Reactive power services are how we make sure voltage levels on the system remain within a given range, above or below nominal voltage levels. We instruct generators or other asset owners to either absorb reactive power (decreasing voltage) or generate reactive power (increasing voltage). 

Reactive power describes the background energy movement in an alternating current (AC) system arising from the production of electric and magnetic fields. Devices that store energy through a magnetic field produced by a flow of current are said to absorb reactive power; those that store energy through electric fields are said to generate reactive power. 

The flows of reactive power on the system will affect voltage levels. Unlike system frequency, which is consistent across the network, voltages experienced at points across the system form a 'voltage profile', which is uniquely related to the prevailing real and reactive power supply and demand. We must manage voltage levels on a local level to meet the varying needs of the system. 

Without the appropriate injections of reactive power at the right locations, the voltage profile of the transmission system will exceed statutory planning and operational limits. 

National Grid ESO - Early Competition Plan - Mermaid street
Obligatory reactive power service (ORPS)

Provision of varying reactive power output. At any given output generators may be requested to produce or absorb reactive power to help manage system voltages.
National Grid ESO - RIIO 2 business plan - Shard view from the river
Enhanced reactive power service (ERPS)

The Enhanced Reactive Power Service (ERPS) is suitable for generators who can provide reactive power over and above the Grid Code and Obligatory Reactive Power Service (ORPS) requirements.
Future of reactive power

Reactive power services are how we make sure voltage levels on the system remain within a given range, above or below nominal voltage levels.