Our FES publication is divided into four sections, referred to as chapters within the document itself. As well as a section on reaching net zero, FES 2023 has the following dedicated sections: 

  • The energy consumer covers the residential, industrial, commercial and transport sectors and considers how decarbonisation affects individual consumers.
  • The energy system explores how total GB demand is met using decarbonised energy sources such as electricity, hydrogen, natural gas and bioenergy.
  • Flexibility ensures energy supply and demand are balanced, and security of supply criteria are met, as the energy system decarbonises To develop and operate the whole energy system of the future and deliver value to consumers, each of these three areas must be fully considered.
Net zero

Reaching net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050 is critical to limiting the negative impacts of climate change.  
The energy consumer

Consumers will play a bigger role in the energy system in future, but care must be taken to ensure fairness so changes to markets and policy have an equitable outcome for all consumers.&n
The energy system

Consumers require energy that is clean, secure, affordable, and fair.
Flexibility

Flexibility is the ability to shift the consumption or generation of energy in time or location.